by There are different types of submersible pumps available in the market based on their application and performance characteristics:
– Single Stage Pumps: Single stage submersible pumps are best suited for applications that do not require high pressure or head. They can deliver water from depths up to around 25 meters. Some common uses of single stage pumps include drainage, dewatering, and transfer of relatively cleaner water.
– Multi Stage Pumps: Multi stage pumps, as the name suggests, have multiple impellers stacked together to boost the pressure and head ability of the pump. They can lift water from depths of over 100 meters in some cases. Industries widely use multi stage submersible pumps for deeper well applications, pressure boosting, and transferring of water and slurries over long distances.
– Grinder Pumps: Grinder Submersible Pumps have an additional grinding mechanism installed in the pump casing that macerates and grinds solids into tiny pieces before pumping them out. This makes these pumps suitable for handling wastewater and sewage that contains fibrous materials and small solid particles. They find application in sewage lifting and municipal wastewater transport.
– Non Clog Pumps: To handle fluids containing suspended solids and slurries, non clog pumps come incorporated with wear resistant components and larger discharge ports. The impeller and volute design prevents clogging even when pumping fluids loaded with coarse sand, gravel or other debris. Mining, construction, and agricultural sectors commonly use non clog submersible pumps.
Working Mechanism of a Submersible Pump
A submersible pump works on the centrifugal pumping principle. It has an electric motor mounted below a pump casing containing an impeller. The motor turns the shaft connected to the impeller, which rotates at high speeds inside the volute casing. As the impeller rotates, it throws the surrounding liquid in radial direction using centrifugal force.
The liquid flows from the impeller eye towards the outer volute and exits out through the discharge port located at the top of the casing. Seals prevent water from entering the motor housing. Most modern submersible pumps also have cooling jackets that circulate water around the motor for dissipating heat.
Check valves installed on the discharge prevent reverse flow of water upwards. Electrical cables from the motor connect to a control panel on the surface. The control panel varies motor speed depending on application requirement. Submersible pumps can lift water to heights ranging from a few meters to over 500 meters when used in multiple staging.
Advantages
– Compact and space saving design: These Submersible Pumps occupy very less space as the motor is installed inside the wet well. This makes them ideal for applications having limited space.
– Easy maintenance: These pumps can be pulled out of the wet well easily for maintenance without draining the tank completely. This saves time and effort during overhauling.
– Suitable for deep wells: Multiple stage of these pumps are capable of lifting water from great depths of over 100 meters, making them suitable for deep irrigation and drinking water wells.
– Dry installation: As motors are sealed inside the casing, these pumps do not need any priming and can lift water immediately after lowering into the wet well.
– Corrosion resistance: Materials like stainless steel, special aluminum alloys provide corrosion protection to submersible pumps, extending their service life for harsh marine, chemical plant, and mining applications.
– Handle varied fluid consistency: Versions equipped with cutters or non-clog impellers can pump fluids laden with solids and slurries with minimal clogging issues.
Applications
Given their versatile design and capabilities, these pumps have widespread industrial and commercial usage:
– Dewatering: Construction sites, mining pits, flood water drainage uses pumps for efficient dewatering from below surface.
– Water supply: Municipal water utilities, irrigation projects deploy them for extracting and boosting water pressure in distribution mains.
– Sewage: Wastewater treatment plants, sewage pumping stations rely on these pumps for transporting sewage over long distances.
– Marine: Ships employ them for ballast control and bilge water removal from lower compartments.
– Swimming pools: Submersible filters and recirculation pumps maintain pool water quality by filtering and returning water.
– Agriculture: Farmers install these pumps for reliable irrigation of fields from groundwater sources.
– Industrial use: Chemical, petrochemical and other process industries require them for fluid transfer needs within the plant.
Submersible pumps provide an economical and convenient solution for a variety of industrial, agricultural and civic water pumping applications by virtue of their versatile, compact design suited for both above and below surface use. Selection of appropriate pump type and size depends on fluid characteristics and performance parameters needed. With ongoing technology advancement, these workhorses continue enhancing operational efficiency in many vital sectors.
*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it
